Saturday, January 5, 2013

What Does The Fiscal Cliff Debacle Say About Our Chances To Avoid The Far More Worrisome Climate Cliff?

What a sorry spectacle it has been in Washington, DC these last few weeks. Our political leaders failed to meet their self-imposed deadline for dealing with the deficit in a manner that doesn’t mean austerity-driven recession.

And while it looks like they do have a bipartisan deal — assuming it can pass the House after winning easy Senate approval — the plan avoids many of the toughest choices (details here).

The deal isn’t terrible — it extends the wind tax credit, for instance. In the top story on its website, the NY Times asserts that the plan “while containing many concessions that angered Democrats, still favors the latter party’s priorities and imposes a tax increase on the wealthiest Americans.”

Perhaps, but as Nobelist Paul Krugman explains in a blog post this morning, we won’t know if the deal was sort-of-okay or dreadful until we see what happens next (in the debt ceiling fight):

If Obama stands his ground in that confrontation, this deal won’t look bad in retrospect. If he doesn’t, yesterday will be seen as the day he began throwing away his presidency and the hopes of everyone who supported him.

That final sentence is true only if you don’t count Obama’s failure on climate as the day(s) he began throwing away his presidency and the hopes of countless generations (see “Obama Wins Reelection, Now Must Become A Climate Hawk To Avoid Dust-Bin Of History, Dust Bowl For America“).

The NY Times concludes that one big lesson from the debacle is “Grand Bargains Give Way to Quick Fixes” and “bipartisan legislative dreams seem all but certain to be miniaturized” — but that has been obvious for a while. It’s not like Obama got any House GOP votes to support either the stimulus bill or health care plan.

Indeed, the fiscal cliff was a largely manufactured crisis, as Krugman explained in his Sunday NYT oped, “Brewing Up Confusion.” The truth is for all the political hand-wringing, all the media sturm und drang, neither party considers the deficit the preeminent or most urgent economic threat to the nation. Progressives understand slow economic growth and high unemployment are the top problems and that the solution is more investment plus help for the unemployed. The Tea Party crowd that have taken over the conservative movement (and GOP) thinks government spending is the problem (otherwise they would have hardly been so adamant against tax hikes being part of a grand bargain).

Cartoonists, at least, get that the fiscal cliff is a mild soar throat compared to the early-stage emphysema that is the climate cliff.

Image by Matt Bors/Daily Kos via Buzzfeed.

So perhaps the headline question should have been “Does The Fiscal Cliff Debacle Say Anything New About Our Chances To Avoid Climate Cliff?” To answer that question, it’s worth pointing out what we already knew about those chances from the last truly big economic threat to the nation — which I discussed in an October 2008 post, “Is 450 ppm (or less) politically possible? Part 7: The harsh lessons of the financial bailout.” I’m excerpting it below because the piece shows how little has changed in 4+ years:

No, 450 is not politically possible today. Nor is 550. Nor is action sufficient to stave off 1000 ppm and 6°C warming.

OK, that was clear before because Congressional conservatives can certainly block the necessary action and demagogue the energy price issue — and they obviously intend to (see “Part 6: What the Boxer-Lieberman-Warner bill debate tells us“).

But I think the financial bailout bill story has yet more sobering lessons:

Multi-hundred-billion-dollar-sized government action happens only when there is a very, very big crisis. Yes, lots of people out there think happy talk about clean energy and green collar jobs is mainly what you need to get a massive government spending program. Not gonna happen. The happy talk can help sell the needed policies, but without the crisis, it leads nowhere.A necessary, but not sufficient, condition for a crisis to be “very, very big” is that it must be labeled as such by very serious people who are perceived as essentially nonpartisan opinion leaders. In this case, it was the panic from people like uber-billionaire Warren Buffet and Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke and Alan Greenspan and even people like CNBC’s Jim Cramer (yes, he shouts a lot, but he called this meltdown a year ago and has a lot of credibility with the media).In addition, bad things must be happening to regular people right now. It was quite interesting that the House in particular voted down the original bailout but reversed itself in large part because of the ensuing stock market meltdown and in part because they started to hear from all of the small and large businesses in their districts that the credit market was freezing up.The credible people must say that the government action is going to solve the problem.This is a crucial point also missed by lots of people. If Buffet and Bernanke and Cramer said the sky is falling but your plan ain’t going to stop it, then your plan is dead, dead, dead.

What does this say about the climate predicament?

We have one very big crisis that requires unprecedented government action. The “good news,” if one can call it that, is the crisis is real and imminent — and it does lend itself to government-led solutions. Also, like the bailout, the total dollar “cost” of the solution is not the total dollar cost to the taxpayer, since, for the bailout, the underlying financial assets the government will buy have value and, for global warming, the cap-and-trade bill plus clean tech push will create massive energy savings and whole new industries.But we simply don’t have a critical mass of credible nonpartisan opinion leaders who understand the nature of our energy and climate problem (see “Most opinion leaders just don’t get global warming“). When the heck are people like Warren Buffet and Bill Gates going to speak up on dire nature of the global warming situation, rather than, say, scoping out climate-destroying investments in Canada (see “Gates and Buffet to invest in tar sands and spawn more two-headed fish“)? Yes, we have virtually the entire scientific community begging for strong action, but they aren’t opinion leaders in this country anymore and indeed they aren’t credible to a large segment of U.S. society (see “The Deniers are winning, but only with the GOP“). Meeting this necessary condition for serious action is greatly complicated by the conservative crusade against climate action, which is not just a disinformation campaign but a concerted effort to label any scientist or journalist or opinion maker who speaks out on global warming as just a stooge of the left-wing eco-imperialists — “environmental activists, attended by compliant scientists and opportunistic politicians, are advocating radical economic and social regulation,” as Charles Krauthammer put it, or “more government subservience to environmentalists and more government supervision of our lives” as George Will put it (see “The real reason conservatives don’t believe in climate science“). In short, the disinformation campaign seeks to discredit all credible calls for action.Bad things are happening to real people right now thanks in part to human-caused climate change — droughts, wildfires, flooding, extreme weather, and on and on. But many environmentalists and journalists downplay the causality or think it is a mistake to talk about those things (see “The NY Times Blows the Wildfire Story” and “The NY Times Blows the Drought Story, too” and “Gustav, climate, drilling — Some enviros self-censor, but should progressives?” and “The Washington Post’s Joel Achebach doesn’t understand basic climate science“). And, of course, we have the disinformation campaign telling everybody either that the future won’t be too bad. [The late] Michael Crichton says he is “underwhelmed” by the problem after his “review” of the science. George Will says that climate change might even be “beneficial,” and NYT columnist Jon Tierney writes, “There’s a chance the warming could be mild enough to produce net benefits.” Heck, we even have the GOP Vice Presidential pick telling 70 million Americans last week that climate change impacts stem from “cyclical temperature changes on our planet.” In this classic denier myth, all we have to do is wait and the storm will pass.The government-led climate and energy actions that might be politically possible today won’t solve the crisis. That was certainly true of the Boxer-Lieberman-Warner bill (see “Boxer bill update: Probably no U.S. CO2 emissions cut until after 2025“).

I find only one glimmer of hope from the financial crisis. Congress and the executive branch acted before the real disaster happened, before we ended up in another Great Depression, indeed before we even technically entered a recession.

So perhaps we can act on climate before the real disaster happens. Yes, I realize that Washington acted because everyone understood we were only days or weeks away from complete financial meltdown and we obviously can’t wait to act until we get anywhere near that close to the climate precipice.

We must act on climate within the next few years — decades before the real, preventable disaster happens. Indeed, no plausible action the nation and the world will take could have significant impact on the the climate for probably the next three decades. It is the post-2040 Hell and High Water scenario, crossing the point of no return to 6°C (or higher) warming, that we are trying — or rather, should be trying — desperately to prevent.

The response to the financial bailout crisis obviously offers no comfort to people hoping we can act decades before the true climate catastrophe hits. But I choose to see the glass as one-tenth full. Why?

The unknown wild-card factor here is presidential leadership. We have never had an inspirational president who was genuinely committed to serious climate action and who actually campaigned on a broad and deep agenda that would put us on a path to solve the problem (see “Obama’s excellent energy and climate plan“).

Right now, Obama’s plan is not politically possible. And not just because conservatives oppose it and will demagogue it, but also because moderates don’t get the problem and have been politically intimidated by the demagoguing. And because scientists, environmentalists, and progressives have had poor and inconsistent messaging. And because the traditional media still does a grossly inadequate job (see “Media enable denier spin 2: What if the MSM simply can’t cover humanity’s self-destruction?“).

But true leaders have transformed what is politically possible in the past. That is where hope lies today.

Yes, that was all written before we elected a leader who promised strong climate action and a Congress where Democrats had big majorities.

The bottom line remains the same, though. We aren’t going to get serious action until we have our climate Churchill — and probably not until climate impacts get so bad that at least those in the persuadable middle start demanding action (see “What Are the Near-Term Climate Pearl Harbors? What Will Take Us from Procrastination To Action?“).

The fiscal cliff debacle primarily tells us that the recent election changed nothing for political leaders of either party. We’re stuck with the climate status quo and, unlike our various economic woes, that is a prescription for irreversible, civilization-destroying disaster:

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Fact Sheet: The Tax Agreement: A Victory for Middle-Class Families and the Economy

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For Immediate Release January 01, 2013 Fact Sheet: The Tax Agreement: A Victory for Middle-Class Families and the Economy

At this make or break moment for the middle class, the President achieved a bipartisan solution that keeps income taxes low for the middle class and grows the economy. For the first time in 20 years, Congress will have acted on a bipartisan basis to vote for significant new revenue. This means millionaires and billionaires will pay their fair share to reduce the deficit through a combination of permanent tax rate increases and reduced tax benefits. And this agreement ensures that we can continue to make investments in education, clean energy, and manufacturing that create jobs and strengthen the middle class.

In 2011, the President cut spending. In 2012, he kept his promise of asking the wealthiest 2 percent of Americans to pay more while protecting 98 percent of families and 97 percent of small businesses from any income tax increase—raising $620 billion in revenue. As we move forward to address our ongoing fiscal challenges, both spending cuts and continuing to ask the wealthy to do a little more will be part of a balanced approach. It is critical for our economy and future generations that we reduce the deficit. We cannot keep racking up this debt on our kids. And the President looks forward to working with Republicans to reduce the deficit in a balanced and bipartisan way.

Permanently extends the middle-class tax cuts and also extends credits for working families, with additional measures to protect families and promote economic growth. 

Permanent extension of the middle class tax cuts: This will provide certainty for 114 million households including lower tax rates, an expanded Child Tax Credit, and marriage penalty relief—steps that together will prevent the typical family of four from seeing a $2,200 tax increase next year. In addition, it includes a permanent Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) fix. Most progressive income tax code in decades: By raising income tax rates on the wealthiest and keeping taxes low for the middle class, the agreement will ensure we have the most progressive income tax code in decades. Extension of Emergency Unemployment Insurance benefits for 2 million people: The agreement will prevent 2 million people from losing UI benefits in January by extending emergency unemployment insurance benefits for one year. Extension of tax cuts for 25 million working families and students: The deal extends President Obama’s expansions of the Child Tax Credit, Earned Income Tax Credit, and the President’s new American Opportunity Tax Credit, which helps families pay for college. The President fought hard to extend these credits, overcoming Republican insistence that income taxes go up by an average of $1,000 for 25 million working families and students. The agreement would extend them for five years. Extension of renewable energy incentives, the R&E tax credit and other business incentives: The agreement extends tax relief for businesses through the end of next year. This means extending the Production Tax Credit, a key incentive for renewable energy that many Republicans had been trying to end, as well as the Research & Experimentation tax credit. In addition, the agreement extends 50 percent bonus depreciation, a cost-effective temporary measure to support investment and growth. All of these would be extended through the end of 2013. Fixes the SGR (“doc fix”) with no cuts to the Affordable Care Act or to beneficiaries: The agreement avoids a 27 percent cut to reimbursements for doctors seeing Medicare patients for 2013 by fixing the sustainable growth rate formula through the end of next year (the “doc fix”). The President stood firm against Republican proposals to pay for this fix with cuts to the Affordable Care Act or the beneficiaries. Postpones the sequester for two months, paid for with $1 of revenue for every $1 of spending, with the spending balanced between defense and domestic: The agreement saves $24 billion, half in revenue and half from spending cuts which are divided equally between defense and nondefense, in order to delay the sequester for two months. This will give Congress time to work on a balanced plan to end the sequester permanently through a combination of additional revenue and spending cuts in a balanced manner. 

Raises $620 billion in revenue according to Congress’ Joint Committee on Taxation by achieving the President’s goal of asking the wealthiest 2 percent of Americans to pay more while protecting 98 percent of families and 97 percent of small businesses from any income tax increase. 

Restores the 39.6 percent rate for high-income households, as in the 1990s: The top rate would return to 39.6 percent for singles with incomes above $400,000 and married couples with incomes above $450,000. Capital gains rates for high-income households return to Clinton-era levels: The capital gains rate would return to what it was under President Clinton, 20 percent. Counting the 3.8 percent surcharge from the Affordable Care Act, dividends and capital gains would be taxed at a rate of 23.8 percent for high-income households. These tax rates would apply to singles above $400,000 and couples above $450,000. Reduced tax benefits for households making over $250,000 (for singles) and $300,000 (for couples): The agreement reinstates the Clinton-era limits on high-income tax benefits, the phaseout of itemized deductions (“Pease”) and the Personal Exemption Phaseout (“PEP”), for couples with incomes over $300,000 and singles with incomes over $250,000. These two provisions reduce tax benefits for high-income households. This sets the stage for future balanced approaches to deficit reduction, which could include additional revenue through tax reforms that reduce tax benefits for Americans making over $250,000. Raises tax rates on the wealthiest estates: The agreement raises the tax rate on the wealthiest estates – worth upwards of $5 million per person – from 35 percent to 40 percent, in contrast to Republican proposals to continue the current estate tax levels. The agreement’s $620 billion in revenue is 85 percent of the amount raised by the Senate-passed bill, if that bill had been enacted and made permanent: The agreement locks in $620 billion in high-income revenue over the next ten years. In contrast, the bill passed by Democrats in the Senate achieved approximately $70 billion through one-year provisions; these same provisions could have raised a total of $715 billion over ten years if Congress acted again to extend it permanently. However, the Senate bill itself locked in only one year’s worth of savings so would have required additional extensions to achieve those savings. 

Part of a balanced process of deficit reduction and stronger growth. 

Strengthens our recovery next year by cutting taxes for the middle-class: The independent, non-partisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated that allowing the full effect of the “fiscal cliff” would cause our economy to enter a recession and actually shrink next year primarily as a result of higher taxes on the middle class and across-the-board spending cuts. The final agreement prevents taxes from rising on the middle class and delays the across-the-board “sequester.” Temporary measures to support consumer spending and business investment: Extending unemployment insurance is one of the more effective ways to encourage consumer spending. And bonus depreciation will give companies incentives to invest. Provides greater economic certainty for families and businesses: The agreement will make it easier for families and businesses to plan and will help our economy grow. Cuts the deficit and reduces the debt as a share of the economy over the next five years: Since April last year, the President has signed into law 1.7 trillion in deficit reduction, including $700 billion in spending cuts from enacted appropriations bills in 2011 and 2012, and $1 trillion in the Budget Control Act. This tax agreement not only further reduces the deficit, but raises $620 in new revenue from high-income households. Together with a strengthening economy these steps will bring down the deficit as a share of the economy over the next five years. Establishes a foundation for additional balanced, pro-growth deficit reduction through tax and entitlement reform: The agreement leaves substantial scope for reducing tax expenditures for high-income households, reforming corporate taxes to broaden the base and cut the rate to make America more competitive, and to take further steps to reform entitlements. 

Extends the farm bill through the end of the fiscal year, averting a sharp rise in milk prices at the beginning of 2013.  

Blog posts on this issue January 01, 2013 1:01 PM ESTWhat You Need to Know About the Bipartisan Tax Agreement

The deal passed by an overwhelming majority in the Senate keeps income taxes low for the middle class and ensures that America will continue to invest in education, clean energy, and manufacturing to strengthen our economy and the middle class.

December 30, 2012 11:44 AM ESTThe Year in Review: Joining Forces to Hire American HeroesThe Year in Review: Joining Forces to Hire American Heroes

In 2012, working with Joining Forces, American businesses exceeded the President's challenge to hire 100,000 veterans and military spouses and made a greater commitment for the future.

December 29, 2012 5:45 AM ESTWeekly Address: Congress Must Protect the Middle Class from Income Tax Hike

President Obama urges Congress to meet its deadlines and responsibilities, protect the middle class from an income tax hike, and lay the groundwork for future progress on more economic growth and deficit reduction.

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Omeros slumps after knee surgery drug study

NEW YORK -- Shares of Omeros Corp. fell Friday after the biopharmaceutical company said its knee surgery drug did not meet its main goal in a late-stage clinical trial.

THE SPARK: The drug OMS103HP is designed to improve surgical outcomes, reducing pain and improving joint function following surgery. In the trial Omeros tested the drug in patients who had had arthroscopic surgery on the meniscus of the knee. The company said the drug reduced pain following surgery, but it was not more effective than standard treatments in reducing problems like knee swelling, clicking, catching, and stiffness.

THE BIG PICTURE: The trial involved 344 patients. Omeros said there were other positive results from the trial, as patients who took OMS103HP used less pain medication than patients in the control group. They also had fewer inflammatory problems, didn't use their crutches as often, and were able to walk without crutches sooner. The Seattle company said it still plans to start a second late-stage trial of OMS103HP in the first half of 2013.

Omeros is also studying a drug called OMS302 for use in ocular replacement surgeries. The company plans to file for marketing approval of both products in early 2013.

THE ANALYSIS: Cowen & Co. analyst Simos Simeonidis kept an "Outperform" rating on the stock, saying he expects OMS302 to be on the market in 2014, and the approval of its first product will reduce the risks the company faces.

SHARE ACTION: Omeros stock fell 64 cents, or 11 percent, to $5.20 in midday trading. The shares have lost 49 percent of their value since Oct. 18 but are still up more than 30 percent in the year to date.


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FDA approves Aegerion cholesterol disorder drug

NEW YORK -- Federal regulators have approved Aegerion Pharmaceuticals' treatment for a rare inherited disease that causes extremely high levels of bad cholesterol, the company said Monday.

The company's shares have been hitting annual highs but declined in early trading after the Food and Drug Administration approval of Juxtapid, Aegerion's first drug, was announced.

The availability of the drug will be restricted because of the risk of liver damage in patients and the box will carry a "black box" warning, the FDA's most severe safety warning. Aegerion must certify all health care providers that prescribe it.

Juxtapid is a treatment for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in conjunction with other measures to reduce "bad" LDL cholesterol.

Aegerion believes there are about 3,000 people in the U.S. with the disease and treatments like blood filtration are generally not effective. The company said patients often die by the age of 30 because of heart attacks or strokes.

A year of treatment is expected to cost between $200,000 and $300,000 for patients with commercial health insurance. Aegerion plans to start selling Juxtapid in January.

Shares of Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc. , based in Cambridge, Mass., fell 46 cents to $25.25, and earlier it declined as much as 7 percent. The stock reached a new 52-week high of $25.74 Friday, and it is up about 80 percent since Oct. 11.


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Federal Unemployment Benefits Expire Due To Congressional Inaction

Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) urged lawmakers to embrace a package that could avert the so-called fiscal cliff, noting that 2.1 million Americans have already lost federal unemployment benefits as a result of Congressional inaction. “From this point on, it is lose-lose,” Feinstein explained, during an appearance on Fox News Sunday. “My big worry, is, a contraction of the economy. The loss of jobs, which could be well over 2 million in addition to the people already on unemployment.”

Indeed, the National Employment Law Project, a worker advocacy group, projects that “more than 2 million Americans will stop receiving benefits after Dec. 29, when the federal Emergency Unemployment Compensation program will cease to exist.” The benefits have kept 2.3 million out of poverty last year alone, and the Congressional Budget Office projects that a full, year-long extension would lead to the creation of 300,000 new jobs.

The initiative requires recipients to search for a job while receiving payments, and one study found that unemployment recipients search harder for jobs than those who are not receiving money from the program.

Earlier this week, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) demanded spending cuts to pay for the program, which would cost $30 billion. Democrats have been pushing for a full extension of benefits.


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Norquist: Fiscal deal won’t raise rates

Anti-tax activist Grover Norquist said Monday he was confident that any “fiscal cliff” deal would not raise taxes and said GOP leaders could fight for more cuts using the debt ceiling as leverage.

“This fight does not end in a week, OK? This is a long-slogging fight,” said Norquist, the president of Americans for Tax Reform, on CNN’s “Starting Point.” “We should take as many as the tax cuts off the table as possible.” “I'm working with all of the folks trying to defend taxpayers here in Congress in the House and Senate,” said Norquist.  “I don't think you will see something that actually raises taxes. We may get some tax cuts now and have to fight for others later.”

Norquist said the GOP held leverage to extract further concessions from Democrats.

“Republicans have the clout of the debt ceiling increase, which they effectively used a year and a half ago, and the continuing resolution, where they can dole out money slowly to Obama and the Democrats to spend while reining it in,” he said.

Meanwhile, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) and Vice President Biden continued negotiations late Sunday night to strike a deal before midnight.

Lawmakers and the White House are looking to avoid the tax-rate rises and across-the-board spending cuts set to take effect in 2013. 

Republicans initially insisted that all current income tax rates be extended, despite President Obama’s call for higher rates on the wealthy. But as the deadline nears, GOP lawmakers have said they will back a deal that hikes tax rates on wealthy earners.

Reid has proposed extending the current tax rates for families with $450,000 or less in annual income and individuals who make $360,000 or less. Republicans have countered with a proposal to set the threshold at $550,000 for families and $450,000 for individuals.

Rep. Tom Price (Ga.) on Monday predicted the House would pass a bill along those lines.

Norquist last week backed Speaker John Boehner’s (R-Ohio) controversial “Plan B” proposal which would have extended rates for 98 percent of taxpayers.

Boehner said that the plan would place pressure on Democrats to come to the table with spending cuts. But a vote on the plan was canceled after leaders realized there was not enough support within the GOP caucus to pass the measure.

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Health Care Prescription for Your Portfolio

 Highlight transcript below to create clipTranscript:  Print  |  Email Go  Click text to jump within videoWed 26 Dec 12 | 06:40 AM ET CNBC's Bertha Coombs reports on what's in store for the health care sector in 2013; and Les Funtleyder, Poliwogg fund manager, shares his top health care picks for next year.

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House prepares three 'milk cliff' bills

House leaders have prepared three bills to deal with the looming "milk cliff" for floor action this week.

The three bills are aimed at preventing a spike in dairy prices looming in the new year. 

Because Congress has failed to renew farm programs, an underlying 1949 law is slated to kick in. This would force the government to buy up American milk at inflated prices and the purchases are expected to possibly double the price of milk at the grocery store as supplies dwindle.

Late Saturday night, House Republicans posted the three bills on the House Rules Committee website, setting up possible Monday votes under layover procedures put in place in this Congress.

One bill would extend the expired 2008 farm bill, which expired Sept. 30, for one year. The second would provide for a farm-bill extension through January and a third would just extend dairy programs through January.

"Clearly, it is no longer possible to enact a five-year farm bill in this Congress.  Given this reality, the responsible thing to do – and the course of action I have long encouraged if a five-year bill was not possible – is to extend the 2008 legislation for one year. This provides certainty to our producers and critical disaster assistance to those affected by record drought conditions," said House Agriculture Committee Chairman Frank Lucas (R-Okla.) in a Sunday statement. 

"The legislation posted is the result of discussions with Ranking Member [Collin] Peterson [D-Minn.] and my colleagues in the Senate.  It is not perfect – no compromise ever is – but it is my sincere hope that it will pass the House and Senate and be signed by the President by January 1," he added.

The first bill abolishes existing dairy price supports in favor of a reformed system included in House and Senate draft farm bills that failed to pass both houses this year. The new dairy system is aimed at guaranteeing profit margins rather than supporting prices and is favored by milk producers who argue that the rising cost of inputs like feed makes the existing system too weak for dairy farmers.

The dairy changes may face significant opposition in the House. This summer Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio), long a farm bill skeptic, described existing dairy programs as "Soviet-style." The changes may be key to getting House Agriculture Ranking Member Collin Peterson (D-Minn.) and other rural Democrats to support a one-year extension, however. Peterson was instrumental in killing a one-year extension when House leaders tried to pass one in July.

Peterson instead favored a five-year bill that appears all-but-dead in this Congress. 

"These reforms are the primary reason that I am even willing to consider any extension." Peterson said Sunday, regarding the dairy program changes.

The Senate passed such a bill, as did the House Agriculture Committee, but the House never brought it to the floor. The House 2012 farm bill faced opposition from conservatives opposed to farm subsidies and liberals opposed to the $16 billion in cuts to food stamps contained in the House bill. 

On Friday, Senate Agriculture Committee Chairwoman Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.) revealed to reporters that she was bowing to reality and working on a 2008 farm bill extension instead of continuing to push for a five-year bill to be included in a "fiscal cliff" grand bargain.

Lucas and Stabenow had hoped that the $23 billion to $35 billion in deficit savings in their farm bills could have been used as part of a broad debt deal to avoid the $500 billion in tax increases and spending cuts looming in January. It now appears that a mini-deal on the fiscal cliff focused only on turning off some of the tax increases will appear this week. 

“If a new farm bill is not passed in the next few days, Agriculture Committee leaders in both chambers and both parties have developed a responsible short-term farm bill extension that not only stops milk prices from spiking, but also prevents eventual damage to our entire agriculture economy. It is critical that we pass a five-year farm bill that gives farmers and ranchers the certainty they need to plan for the future. If a new farm bill doesn’t pass this Congress we’ll soon hold another mark-up and just keep working until one is enacted next year," Statebnow said in a statement Sunday.

Updated at 5:54 p.m.

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Sen. Durbin sees ‘chasm’ in fiscal talks

Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) said Sunday there is still a "chasm" at the heart of talks to reach a deal to avoid the “fiscal cliff,” as the year-end deadline approaches.

"There still is a chasm there," Durbin said on CBS's Face the Nation. "There's work to be done and not much time left."

But Durbin sounded a tone of optimism in terms of striking a deal in the next two days.    

"I've been around Washington long enough to know that it takes a deadline, it takes a lot of sweat and a lot of worry," Durbin said. "And people reach a point where they finally say, 'Alright, let's try to find the way through this.'"

"It’s happened before," he added. "It can happen again." 

Sen. Tom Coburn (R-OK), who also appeared on the program agreed that both sides are "far apart."

"I don't think anybody knows what's going to happen," he said. 

But Coburn added, "The odds are that we have not seen the leadership on either side of the aisle to solve this problem and why would we think that we're gonna see the leadership in the next 24 hours to solve the problem?"

Coburn said while there are "a lot of disadvantages" with going over the fiscal cliff, there are also some advantages. 

"One of the advantages will be that the American people are going to see what the real cost of their government is -- the actual real cost -- for both the very wealthy. The very, very low will have minimal impact on them, it's about $200 a year," Coburn added.

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Bristol Myers, Pfizer's Anti-Clotting Drug Gets FDA Approval

U.S. health regulators approved clot -revention drug Eliquis, developed by Bristol Myers-Squibb and Pfizer, for treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation, or irregular heartbeats.

The drug, also known as apixaban, was approved by European health regulators last month.

Eliquis belongs to a new class of medicines designed to replace decades-old warfarin for preventing blood clots in heart patients, or after a hip- or knee-replacement surgery.

Eliquis would compete against approved blood-clot preventers such as Xarelto from Johnson & Johnson and Bayer, and Pradaxa from Boehringer Ingelheim.

Treating atrial fibrillation, which greatly raises the risk of strokes, is considered by far the largest and most important use for these new drugs.

The oral tablet Eliquis, like Xarelto, works by inhibiting a protein called Factor Xa that plays a critical role in blood clotting. Pradaxa has a slightly different mechanism of action.

However, Eliquis should not be taken by patients with prosthetic heart valves or those with atrial fibrillation caused by a heart valve problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said in a statement.

About 5.8 million people in the United States suffer from atrial fibrillation, the most common form of heart arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat.

Bristol-Myers shares were up 2 percent at $32.48 and Pfizer shares were up 10 cents at $24.99 in extended trading Friday.


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